Search statements

Table of contents

What are search statements

Have you heard of Boolean operators AND, OR and NOT? Why are there quotation marks in a search statement? And what do you do with an asterisk? Next, let's learn how to form search statements!

Search terms are combined into a search statement. A search statement is not an actual sentence, but a search presented in a form understood by the database. You need to be able to tell the database what you want to find: what kind of matches, what concepts can be alternatives, and how accurately the concept should be found.

On Google, we are used to typing a question in the search box, for example, but scientific databases are more specific. In other words, you don't usually search by typing your own topic as such in the search box.

As discussed in the previous section Search terms, break down your topic into parts. Come up with synonyms for key concepts. Leave out words like effects and meaning.

  • For example, a search statement about the effects of globalization on tourism:
    Search terms:
    globalization, globalisation, internationalisation,
    – tourism, travel
     
  • Search statement:
    (globali* OR internationali*) AND (tourism OR travel)
     

As another example, a search statement for co-teaching mathematics could be like this:

  • ("joint teaching" OR teacher collaboration OR teacher cooperation) AND mathematic*
     

How to create a search statement

The search statement is formed using 

  • Operators AND and OR. It is good to write them in capital letters. For example pets OR domesticated animals.
  • Quotation marks can be used to find exact matches. For example "physical activity".
  • A truncation mark can be used to cut a word, so that different forms of the word are included in the search. For example teach*

Databases usually have an Advanced search option. It is worth using. There are usually two search boxes and they are connected by AND operator. This is a good starting point: 

  1. you can put the first point of view of your topic in one search box and type synonyms in the box one after the other (in the example search, you would put "joint teaching" OR teacher collaboration OR teacher cooperation in the search box).
  2. In the next box, you can enter another aspect of your topic (the word mathematic* in the example search). And again, you can list synonyms or alternative concepts, if need be.

The search box is often followed by a drop-down menu where you can choose where the database looks for matches. If you select Abstract, the database searches for articles in which your search terms appear in the abstract. It is often a good idea to start with the default settings and narrow down if necessary.
 

Examples of search statements

Search statement for outsourcing financial management:

(”management accounting” OR ”financial administration”) AND outsourc*

Search statement for advertising in mobile games:

("mobile advertising" OR ad targeting OR target* ads OR in-game advertising) AND "mobile games"
 

Health sciences and search statements

In some fields of science, search statements are formed according to the discipline's own exact practices. As a rule, this is the case in health sciences. .