Yleistä tietoa LAKU- ja TRAILS-tutkimuksista
Koko tähänastista tutkimuksen historiaa, menetelmiä ja tuloksia 50 ikävuoteen asti kuvaava teos: Pulkkinen, L. (2017). Human development from middle childhood to middle adulthood: Growing up to be middle-aged. (In collaboration with Katja Kokko). London: Routledge. Avoimesti luettavissa .
Uusinta aineistonkeruuta kuvaava artikkeli:
Kokko, K., Fadjukoff, P., Reinilä, E., Ahola, J., Kinnunen, M.-L., Kroger, J., Laakkonen, E. K., Pitkänen, T., Pulkkinen, L., Rantanen, T., Staudinger, U. M., Taipale, S., Törmäkangas, T., Kekäläinen, T., & Saajanaho, M. (2024). Developmental Perspectives on Transitions at Age 60: Individuals Navigating Across the Lifespan (TRAILS) – latest data collection in a longitudinal JYLS study. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, 1–31. doi: Open Access
Uusimmat TRAILS-hankkeen aikaiset kansainväliset julkaisut
Ahola, J., Kekäläinen, T., Chastin, S., Rantalainen, T., Kinnunen, M.-L., Pulkkinen, L., & Kokko, K. (2024). Do personality profiles contribute to patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior in adulthood? A prospective cohort study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 21, Article 107. Open access
Ahola, J., Kekäläinen, T., Kinnunen, M.-L., Tolvanen, A., Pitkänen, T., Pulkkinen, L., Saajanaho, M., & Kokko, K. (2024). Stability in health behavior patterns in middle adulthood : a 19-year follow-up study. Psychology and Health, Early online. Open access
Ahola, J., Kokko, K., Pulkkinen, L., & Kekäläinen, T. (2023). Child socioemotional behavior and adult temperament as predictors of physical activity and sedentary behavior in late adulthood. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 1179. doi: Open Access
Karvonen, J., Törmäkangas, T., Pulkkinen, L., & Kokko, K. (2019). Associations of temperament and personality traits with frequency of physical activity in adulthood. Journal of Research in Personality. doi: Open Access.
Kekäläinen, T., Ahola, J., Reinilä, E., Savikangas, T., Kinnunen, M.-L., Pitkänen, T., & Kokko, K. (2025). Cumulative associations between health behaviours, mental well-being, and health over 30 years. Annals of Medicine, 57(1), Article 2479233. Open access
Kekäläinen, T., Karvonen, J., Törmäkangas, T., Pulkkinen, L., & Kokko, K. (2022). Pathways from childhood socioemotional characteristics and cognitive skills to midlife health behaviours. Psychology & Health, 1-19. doi: Open Access
Kekäläinen T., Sipilä S., Saajanaho M. & Kokko K. (2021). The role of personality traits in leisure time physical activity during COVID-19 pandemic. Personality and Individual Differences, 182, 111080. doi: Open Access
Reinilä, E., Saajanaho, M., Fadjukoff, P., Törmäkangas, T., & Kokko, K. (2023). The development of generativity in middle adulthood and the beginning of late adulthood: A longitudinal study from age 42 to 61. Journal of Adult Development, 1-14. doi: Open Access
Reinilä, E., Kekäläinen, T., Saajanaho, M., & Kokko, K. (2023). The structure of mental well-being and its relationship with generativity in middle adulthood and the beginning of late adulthood. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 01650254231165837. doi: Open Access
Reinilä, E., Kekäläinen, T., Kinnunen, M.-L., Saajanaho, M., & Kokko, K. (2023). Longitudinal associations between emotional well-being and subjective health from middle adulthood to the beginning of late adulthood. Psychology and Health, Early online. doi: Open Access
Savikangas, T., Kekäläinen, T., Tirkkonen, A. Sipilä, S. & Kokko, K. 2024. The associations of positive and negative mental well-being with physical activity during the COVID-19 across late adulthood. BMC Public Health 24, 3288. Open access
Kansainväliset julkaisut
Ahola, J., Kokko, K., Pulkkinen, L., & Kekäläinen, T. (2023). Child socioemotional behavior and adult temperament as predictors of physical activity and sedentary behavior in late adulthood. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 1179. doi:
Aunola, K., Nurmi, J.-E., Onatsu-Arvilommi, T., & Pulkkinen, L. (1999). The role of parents´ self-esteem, mastery-orientation and social background in their parenting styles. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 40, 307-317. doi:
Dubow, E. F., Huesmann, L. R., Boxer, P., Pulkkinen, L., & Kokko, K. (2006). Middle childhood and adolescent contextual and personal predictors of adult educational and occupational outcomes: A mediational model in two countries. Developmental Psychology, 42, 937-949. doi:
Duncan, G. J., Bergman, L., Duckworth, K., Kokko, K., Lyyra, A.-L., Metzger, M., Pulkkinen, L., & Simonton, S. (2012). Child skills and behaviors in intergenerational inequality. In J. Ermisch, M. Jäntti, & T. Smeeding (Eds.), From parents to children: The intergenerational transmission of advantage (pp. 207–234). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Eerola, M., & Helske, S. (2016). Statistical analysis of life history calendar data. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 25, 571-597.
Fadjukoff, P., Feldt, T., Kokko, K., & Pulkkinen, L. (2019). Identity status change within personal style clusters: A longitudinal perspective from early adulthood to midlife. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 19, 1–17. doi: . Open access.
Fadjukoff, P., Kokko, K., & Pulkkinen, L. (2007). Implications of timing of entering adulthood for identity achievement. Journal of Adolescent Research, 22, 504–530. (ref.) doi:
Fadjukoff, P., Kokko, K., & Pulkkinen, L. (2010). Changing economic conditions and identity formation in adulthood. European Psychologist, 15, 293-303. doi:
Fadjukoff, P., & Pulkkinen, L. (2006). Identity formation, personal control over development, and well-being. In L. Pulkkinen, J. Kaprio, & R. Rose (Eds.), Socioemotional development and health from adolescence to adulthood. (pp. 265-285). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:
Fadjukoff, P., Pulkkinen, L., & Kokko, K. (2005). Identity processes in adulthood: diverging domains. Identity: an International Journal of Theory and Research, 5, 1-20. doi:
Fadjukoff, P., Pulkkinen, L., & Kokko, K. (2016). Identity formation in adulthood: A longitudinal study from age 27 to 50. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 16, 8–23.
Fadjukoff, P., Pulkkinen, L., Lyyra, A.-L., & Kokko, K. (2016). Parental identity and its relation to parenting and psychological functioning in middle age. Parenting: Science and Practice, 16, 87–107. doi:
Farrington, D. P., & Pulkkinen, L. (2009). Introduction: The unusualness and contribution of life span longitudinal studies of aggressive and criminal behavior. Aggressive Behavior, 35, 115-116. doi:
Feldt, T., Kokko, K., Kinnunen, U., & Pulkkinen, L. (2005). The role of family background, school success, and career orientation in the development of sense of coherence. European Psychologist, 10, 298-308. doi:
Feldt, T., Metsäpelto, R.-L., Kinnunen, U., & Pulkkinen, L. (2007). Sense of coherence and five-factor approach to personality: conceptual relationships. European Psychologist, 12, 165-172. doi:
Feldt, T., Mäkikangas, A., & Aunola, K. (2006). Sense of coherence and optimism: A more positive approach to health. In L. Pulkkinen, J. Kaprio, & R. Rose (Eds.), Socioemotional development and health from adolescence to adulthood (pp. 286-305). New York: Cambridge University Press. doi:
Helske, S., Steele, F., Kokko, K., Räikkönen, E., & Eerola, M. (2015). Partnership formation and dissolution over the life course: Applying sequence analysis and event history analysis in the study of recurrent events. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, 6, 1–25.
Hietalahti, M., Rantanen, J., & Kokko, K. (2016). Do life goals mediate the link between personality traits and mental well-being? The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 4, 72–89.
Hietalahti, M., Tolvanen, A., & Kokko, K. (2015). Values and personal life investment in middle-age: Measures and relations. Journal of Adult Development, 22, 206–220. doi:
Hietalahti, M., Tolvanen, A., Pulkkinen, L., & Kokko, K. (2018). Relationships between personality traits and values in middle aged men and women. The Journal of Happiness and Well-Being, 6, 18–32. Retrieved February 5, 2018, from
Hurme, H. (2006). Grandparents as resource factors in the family. In L. Pulkkinen, J. Kaprio, & R. J. Rose (Eds.). Socioemotional development and health from adolescence to adulthood (pp. 245-262). New York: Cambridge University Press. doi:
Hämäläinen, M., & Pulkkinen, L. (1995). Aggressive and non-prosocial behaviour as precursors of criminality. Studies on Crime and Crime Prevention, 4, 1, 6-21.
Hämäläinen, M., & Pulkkinen, L. (1996). Problem behavior as a precursor of male criminality. Development and Psychopathology, 8, 443-455. doi:
Jalonen, N., Kinnunen, M.-L., Pulkkinen, L., & Kokko, K. (2015). Job skill discretion and emotion control strategies as antecedents of recovery from work. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 24, 389–401. doi:
Juujärvi, P., Kaartinen, J., Laitinen, T., Vanninen, E., & Pulkkinen, L. (2006). Effects of physical provocations on heart rate reactivity and reactive aggression in children. Aggressive Behavior, 32, 99-109. doi:
Juujärvi, P., Kaartinen, J., Vanninen, E., Laitinen, T., & Pulkkinen, L. (2006). Controlling of reactive aggression through cognitive evaluation of proactive aggression cues. Cognition & Emotion, 6, 759-784. doi:
Juujärvi, P., Kooistra, L., Kaartinen, J., & Pulkkinen, L. (2001). An aggression machine. V. Determinants in reactive aggression revisited. Aggressive Behavior, 27, 430-445. doi:
Karvonen, J., Törmäkangas, T., Pulkkinen, L., & Kokko, K. (2019). Associations of temperament and personality traits with frequency of physical activity in adulthood. Journal of Research in Personality. doi: Open Access.
Kekäläinen, T., Freund, A. M., Sipilä, S., & Kokko, K. (2019). Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between leisure time physical activity, mental well-being and subjective health in middle adulthood. Applied Research in Quality of Life. Advance online publication. doi: Open access.
Kekäläinen, T., Karvonen, J., Törmäkangas, T., Pulkkinen, L., & Kokko, K. (2022). Pathways from childhood socioemotional characteristics and cognitive skills to midlife health behaviours. Psychology & Health, 1-19. doi: Open Access
Kekäläinen, T., & Kokko, K. (2018). Personality and computer use in midlife. In S. Taipale, T.-A. Wilska, and C. Gilleard (Eds.), Digital technologies and generational identity: ICT usage across the life course (pp. 183–200). London: Routledge.
Kekäläinen T., Sipilä S., Saajanaho M. & Kokko K. (2021). The role of personality traits in leisure time physical activity during COVID-19 pandemic. Personality and Individual Differences, 182, 111080. doi: Open Access
Kinnunen, M.-L., Feldt, T., Kinnunen, U., Kaprio, J., & Pulkkinen, L. (2006). Association between long-term job strain and metabolic syndrome factor across sex and occupation. Journal of Individual Differences, 27, 151-161. doi:
Kinnunen, M.-L., Feldt, T., Kinnunen, U., & Pulkkinen, L. (2008). Self-esteem: an antecedent or a consequence of social support and psychosomatic symptoms? Cross-lagged associations in adulthood. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 333-347. doi:
Kinnunen, M.-L., Kaprio, J., & Pulkkinen, L. (2005). Allostatic load of men and women in early middle age. Journal of Individual Differences, 26, 20-28. doi:
Kinnunen, M.-L., Kokkonen, M., Kaprio, J., & Pulkkinen, L. (2005). The associations of emotion regulation and dysregulation with the metabolic syndrome factor. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 58, 513-521. doi:
Kinnunen, M.-L., Metsäpelto, R-L., Feldt, T., Kokko, K., Tolvanen, A., Kinnunen, U., Leppänen, E., & Pulkkinen, L. (2012). Personality profiles and health: Longitudinal evidence among Finnish adults. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 53, 512-522. doi:
Kinnunen, M.-L., Pietiläinen, K., & Rissanen, A. (2006). Body size and overweight from birth to adulthood. In L. Pulkkinen, J. Kaprio, & R. J. Rose (Eds.). Socioemotional development and health from adolescence to adulthood (pp. 95-107). New York: Cambridge University Press. doi:
Kinnunen, U., Feldt, T., Geurts, S., & Pulkkinen, L. (2006). Types of work-family interface: Well-being correlates of negative and positive spillover between work and family. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 47, 149-162. doi:
Kinnunen, U., & Pulkkinen, L. (1998). Linking economic stress to marital quality among Finnish marital couples: Mediator effects. Journal of Family Issues, 19, 705-724. doi:
Kinnunen, U. & Pulkkinen, L. (2001). Linking job characteristics to parenting behavior via job-related affect. In J. R. M. Gerris (Ed.), Dynamics of Parenting (pp.233-249). Leuven, Belgium: Garant-Uitgevers.
Kinnunen, U., & Pulkkinen, L. (2003). Childhood socioemotional characteristics as antecedents of marital stability and quality. European Psychologist, 8, 223-237. doi:
Kinnunen, U., & Rantanen, J. (2006). Parental work and children’s behavior: The mediator roles of partner relationship and parenthood. In L. Pulkkinen, J. Kaprio, & R. Rose (Eds.), Socioemotional development and health from adolescence to adulthood (pp.228-244). New York: Cambridge University Press. doi:
Kivimäki, M., Elovainio, M., Kokko, K., Pulkkinen, L., Kortteinen, M., & Tuomikoski, H. (2003). Hostility, unemployment and health status: testing three theoretical models. Social Science and Medicine, 56, 2139-2152. doi:
Kivimäki, M., Kinnunen, M.-L., Pitkänen, T., Vahtera, J., Elovainio, M., & Pulkkinen, L. (2004). Contribution of early and adult factors to socioeconomic variation in blood pressure: Thirty-four-year follow-up study of school children. Psychosomatic Medicine, 66, 184-189. doi:
Kokko, K. (2005). Le rôle d’un faible contrôle des émotions et de la réussite scolaire dans le chômage de longue durée [translated from English into French]. L’orientation Scolaire et Professionnelle, 34, 337-352. doi:
Kokko, K. (2006). Unemployment and psychological distress, and education as a resource factor for employment. In L. Pulkkinen, J. Kaprio, & R. Rose (Eds.), Socioemotional development and health from adolescence to adulthood (pp. 306-327). New York: Cambridge University Press. doi:
Kokko, K. (2007). Commentary: Aggressive behavior in a life span perspective. Supplement to International Journal of Behavioral Development, 31, 15–17.
Kokko, K. (2018). Adult development. In M. Bornstein (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of lifespan human development (pp. 60–61). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications Ltd. doi:
Kokko, K., Bergman, L. R., & Pulkkinen, L. (2003). Child personality characteristics and selection into long-term unemployment in Finnish and Swedish longitudinal samples. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27, 134-144. doi:
Kokko, K., Fadjukoff, P., Reinilä, E., Ahola, J., Kinnunen, M.-L., Kroger, J., Laakkonen, E. K., Pitkänen, T., Pulkkinen, L., Rantanen, T., Staudinger, U. M., Taipale, S., Törmäkangas, T., Kekäläinen, T., & Saajanaho, M. (2024). Developmental Perspectives on Transitions at Age 60: Individuals Navigating Across the Lifespan (TRAILS) – latest data collection in a longitudinal JYLS study. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, 1–31. doi: Open Access
Kokko, K., & Feldt, T. (2018). Longitudinal profiles of mental well-being as correlates of successful aging in middle age. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 42, 485–495. doi:
Kokko, K., Korkalainen, A., Lyyra, A-L., & Feldt, T. (2013) Structure and continuity of well-being in mid-adulthood: A longitudinal study. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14, 99-114. doi:
Kokko, K., & Pulkkinen, L. (1998). Unemployment and psychological distress: Mediator effects. Journal of Adult Development, 5, 205-217. doi:
Kokko, K., & Pulkkinen, L. (2000). Aggression in childhood and long-term unemployment in adulthood: A cycle of maladaptation and some protective factors. Printed originally Developmental Psychology, 36, 463-472. doi: . Reprinted in Prevention & Treatment, volume 3, article 32, posted December 1, 2000. doi: . First commentary on the article by Kokko and Pulkkinen from Barling, J. titled A Response to Kokko and Pulkkinen’s “Aggression in Childhood and Long-Term Unemployment in Adulthood”. Prevention & Treatment, volume 3, article 33. doi: . Second.commentary by Wright, B.R.E. Aggression and Unemployment, Mediation and Moderation. Prevention and Treatment, volume 3, article 34. doi: . Third commentary by Pettit, G.S. Mechanisms in the Cycle of Maladaptation: The Life-Course Perspective. Preventation & Treatment, volume 3, article 35. doi:
Kokko, K., & Pulkkinen, L. (2000). Breaking the cycle of maladaptation. Prevention & Treatment, volume 3, article 36. (A response to commentaries on Kokko, K., & Pulkkinen, L. (2000). Aggression in childhood and long-term unemployment in adulthood: a cycle of maladaptation and some protective factors.) doi:
Kokko, K., & Pulkkinen, L. (2005). Stability of aggressive behavior from childhood to middle age in women and men. Aggressive Behavior, 31, 485-497. doi:
Kokko, K., Pulkkinen, L., Huesmann, L. R., Dubow, E. F., & Boxer, P. (2009). Intensity of aggression in childhood as a predictor of different forms of adult aggression: A two country (Finland and United States) analysis. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19, 9-34. doi:
Kokko, K., Pulkkinen, L., & Mesiäinen, P. (2009). Timing of parenthood in relation to other life transitions and adult social functioning. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33, 356-365. doi:
Kokko, K., Pulkkinen, L., Mesiäinen, P., & Lyyra, A-L. (2008). Trajectories based on postcomprehensive and higher education: Their correlates and antecedents. Journal of Social Issues, 64, 59-76. doi:
Kokko, K., Pulkkinen, L., & Puustinen, M. (2000). Selection into long-term unemployment and its psychological consequences. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 24, 310-320. doi:
Kokko, K., Rantanen, J., & Pulkkinen, L. (2015). Associations between mental well-being and personality from a life span perspective. In M. Blatny (Ed.), Personality and well-being across the life-span (pp. 134–159). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kokko, K., Simonton, S., Dubow, E., Lansford, J. E., Olson, S. L., Huesmann, R., Boxer, P., Pulkkinen, L., Bates, J. E., Dodge, K. A., & Pettit, G. S. (2014). Country, sex, and parent occupational status: Moderators of the continuity of aggression from childhood to adulthood. Aggressive Behavior, 40, 552–567. doi:
Kokko, K., Tolvanen, A., & Pulkkinen, L. (2013). Associations between personality traits and psychological well-being across time in middle adulthood. Journal of Research in Personality, 47, 748–756. doi:
Kokkonen, M., & Kinnunen, M.-L. (2006). Emotion regulation and well-being. In L. Pulkkinen, J. Kaprio, & R. J. Rose (eds.). Socioemotional Development and Health from Adolescence to Adulthood (pp. 197-208). New York: Cambridge University Press. doi:
Kokkonen, M., Kinnunen, T., & Pulkkinen, L. (2002). Direct and indirect effects of adolescent self control of emotions and behavioral expression on adult health outcomes. Psychology and Health, 17, 657-670. doi:
Kokkonen, M., & Pulkkinen, L. (1999). Emotion regulation strategies in relation to personality characteristics indicating low and high self-control of emotions. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 913 932. doi:
Kokkonen, M., & Pulkkinen, L. (2001). Examination of the paths between personality, current mood, its evaluation, and emotion regulation. European Journal of Personality,15, 83-104. doi:
Kokkonen, M., & Pulkkinen, L. (2001). Extraversion and neuroticism as antecedents of emotion regulation and dysregulation in adulthood. European Journal of Personality, 15, 407-424. doi:
Kokkonen, M., Pulkkinen, L., & Kinnunen, T. (2001). Low self-control of emotions as an antecedent of self-reported physical symptoms: A longitudinal perspective. European Psychologist, 6, 26-35. doi:
Laursen, B., Pulkkinen, L., & Adams, R. (2002). The antecedents and correlates of agreeableness in adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 38, 591-603. doi:
Lehto, J. E., Juujärvi, P., Kooistra, L., & Pulkkinen, L. (2003). Dimensions of executive functioning: evidence from children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 21, 59-80. doi:
Mattila, M., Wass, H., Söderlund, P., Fredriksson, S., Fadjukoff, P., & Kokko, K. (2011). Personality and turnout: Results from the Finnish longitudinal studies. Scandinavian Political Studies, 34, 287-306. doi:
Metsäpelto, R L., & Juujärvi, P. (2005). Parental knowledge and family atmosphere in relation to children's socioemotional behavior. In L. Pulkkinen, J. Kaprio, & R. J. Rose (Eds.), Socioemotional development and health from adolescence to adulthood (pp. 209-227). New York: Cambridge University Press. doi:
Metsäpelto, R.-L., & Pulkkinen, L. (2003). Personality traits and parenting: Neuroticism, Extraversion and openness to experience as discriminative factors. European Journal of Personality, 17, 59-78. doi:
Metsäpelto, R-L., & Pulkkinen, L. (2005). The moderating effect of extraversion on the relation between self-reported and observed parenting. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 26, 371-384. doi:
Metsäpelto, R-L., & Pulkkinen, L. (2012). Socioemotional behavior and school achievement in relation to extracurricular activity participation in middle childhood. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 56, 167-182.
Metsäpelto, R.-L., Pulkkinen, L., & Poikkeus, A.-M. (2001). A search for parenting style: A cross-situational analysis of parental behavior. Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monographs, 127, 169-192.
Mustonen, A., & Pulkkinen, L. (1992). Brutality of aggression in television programs. In F. Farabollini, & S. Parmigiani (Eds.), From conflict to cooperation: Multidisciplinary studies on aggression in animals and humans (p. 188). Universita Degli Studi di Siena.
Mustonen, A., & Pulkkinen, L. (1997). Television violence: A development of a coding scheme. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 41, 168-189. doi:
Mustonen, A., & Pulkkinen, L. (1997). Personality and television use: some roots of media choices. In A. Mustonen, Media violence and its audience. Jyväskylä, Finland: Ģֱ.
Mustonen, A., & Pulkkinen, L. (1997). Adults as viewers of media violence. In A. Mustonen, Media violence and its audience. Jyväskylä, Finland: Ģֱ.
Mäkikangas, A., Feldt, T., Kinnunen, U., Tolvanen, A., Kinnunen, M.-L., & Pulkkinen, L. (2006). The factor structure and factorial invariance of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) across time: Evidence from two community-based samples. Psychological Assessment, 18, 444-451. doi:
Mäkikangas, A., Rantanen, J., Bakker, A. B., Kinnunen, M.-L., Pulkkinen, L., & Kokko, K. (2015). The circumplex model of occupational well-being: Its relation with personality. Journal for Person-Oriented Research, 1, 115–129. doi: 10.17505/jpor.2015.13
Männikkö, K., & Pulkkinen, L. (2001). Parenting and personality styles. A long-term longitudinal approach. In J. R. M. Gerris (Ed.), Dynamics of Parenting (pp.179-195). Leuven, Belgium: Garant-Uitgevers.
Pitkänen, L. (1969). A descriptive model of aggression and nonaggression. Appendices. Reports from the department of Psychology, Ģֱ
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Pitkänen, L. (1973). An Aggression machine: III. The stability of aggressive and nonaggressive patterns of behaviour. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 14, 75-77. doi:
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Pitkänen, T., Kokko, K., Lyyra, A.-L., & Pulkkinen, L. (2008). A developmental approach to alcohol drinking behaviour in adulthood: A follow-up study from age 8 to age 42. Addiction, 103 (Suppl. 1), 48-68. doi:
Pitkänen, T., Lyyra, A.-L., & Pulkkinen, L. (2005). Age of onset of drinking and the use of alcohol in adulthood: A follow-up study from age 8-42 for females and males. Addiction. 100, 652-661. Translated into Greek in Exartisis Scientific Journal on Addiction Issues, 8, 57-75. doi:
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Pitkänen-Pulkkinen, L. (1979). Self control as a prerequisite for constructive behavior. In S. Feshbach & A. Fraczek (Ed.), Aggression and behavior change: Biological and social processes (pp. 250-270). New York: Praeger.
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Pitkänen-Pulkkinen, L. (1981). Concurrent and predictive validity of self-reported aggressiveness. Aggressive Behavior, 7, 97-110. doi:
Pitkänen-Pulkkinen, L. (1981). Long term studies on the characteristics of aggressive and non-aggressive juveniles. In P. F. Brain & D. Benton (Eds.), Multidisciplinary approaches to aggression research (pp. 225–243). Amsterdam: Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press.
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Pulkkinen, L. (1983). Youthful smoking and drinking in a longitudinal perspective. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 12, 253-283. doi:
Pulkkinen, L. (1984). Longitudinal study on adolescent drinking in Finland. Conference Report. Unhealthful risk taking behaviors in adolescence (pp. 105-121). Stanford University.
Pulkkinen, L. (1984). The inhibition and control of aggression. Aggressive Behvior, 10, 221-225. doi:
Pulkkinen, L. (1985). Continuità eterotipica dall'aggressività al fumo, al bere e al comportamento delinguenziale. In G. V. Caprara & P. Renzi (Eds.) L'aggressività umana (pp. 207-224). Roma: Bulzoni.
Pulkkinen, L. (1985). Continuity and discontinuity in personality development and the problem of age stages. In C. J. Brainers and V. F. Reyna (Eds.), Developmental psychology (pp. 427-437). Amsterdam: Elsevier/North Holland.
Pulkkinen, L. (1985). Longitjudnoe issledovanije orientatssii podrostkov na budustseje. Psihologitseskii Zurnal, 6, 144.
Pulkkinen, L. (1985). Sosial utvikling i hjem og fosterhjem: et perspektiv på en oekologisk overgang. In I. Boe (Ed.), Barn i miljoe. Oppvekst i en utviklingsoekologisk sammenheng (pp. 168-186). Lillehammer, Norge: Cappelen.
Pulkkinen, L. (1986). The role of impulse control in the development of antisocial and prosocial behavior. In D. Olweus, J. Block, & M. Radke Yarrow (eds.) Development of antisocial and prosocial behavior: Theories, research, and issues (pp. 149-175). New York: Academic Press.
Pulkkinen, L. (1987). An eighteen year longitudinal study of social development. In Proceedings of the IXth Biennial Meetings of the International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development (pp. 264-265). Tokyo: The Center of Developmental Education and Research.
Pulkkinen, L. (1987). Identitetens uppklarnande och kulturvärden. Nordisk Psykologi, 39, 186-202.
Pulkkinen, L. (1987). Longitudnoe issledovanie orientatsii na budushtshee u podrotskov. In E. V. Shorohova (Ed.), Psihologija litsnosti i obraz zizni (pp. 153-158). Moskva: Nauka.
Pulkkinen, L. (1987). Offensive and defensive aggression in humans: A longitudinal perspective. Aggressive Behavior, 13, 197-212. doi:
Pulkkinen, L. (1987). Palenie i picie wsrod mlodziezy studium longitudinalne. Polskie Towarzystwo Psychologiczne. Przeglad Psychologiczny XXVIII, 645-666.
Pulkkinen, L. (1987). Stanovlenie obraza zizni s deltskogo junosskogo vozrasta. In E. V. Shorohova (Ed.), Psihologija litsnosti i obraz zizni (pp. 132-137). Moskva: Nauka.
Pulkkinen, L. (1987). Zukunftsorientierung bei Jugendlichen: Untersuchungen zur Multidimensionalität und Multidirektionalität der psychischen Entwicklung. Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht, 34, 20-32.
Pulkkinen, L. (1988). Aggressive and anxious children grow up. In L. Pulkkinen, & J. M. Raminez (Eds.), Aggression in children (pp. 71-84). Sevilla, Spain: Publicaciones de la Universidad de Sevilla.
Pulkkinen, L. (1988). A two dimensional model as a framework for interindividual differences in social behaviour. In D. H. Saklofske, & S. B. G. Eysenck (Eds.), Individual differences in children and adolescents: International perspectives (pp. 27-37). London: Hodder & Stoughton Educational.
Pulkkinen, L. (1988). Delinquent development: theoretical and empirical considerations. In M. Rutter (Ed.), The power of longitudinal data: Studies of risk and protective factors for psychosocial disorders (pp. 184-199). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pulkkinen, L. (1989). Predictability of the length of educational routes and the development of career lines. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 33, 203-214. doi:
Pulkkinen, L. (1989). Transition to adulthood. In M. A. Luszcz & T. Nettlebeck (Eds.), Psychological development: Perspectives across the life-span (pp. 321-333). Amsterdam: Elsevier, North-Holland Science Publishers.
Pulkkinen, L. (1990). Adult life-styles and their precursors in social behaviour of children and adolescents. European Journal of Personality, 4, 237-251. doi:
Pulkkinen, L. (1990). Home atmosphere and adolescent future orientation. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 5, 33-43. doi:
Pulkkinen, L. (1990). Young adults health and its antecedents in evolving life-styles. In K. Hurrelmann, & F. Lösel (Eds.) Health hazards in adolescence (pp. 67-90). Berlin: de Gruyter.
Pulkkinen, L. (1991). Variable-oriented and person-oriented approaches to longitudinal research on aggression as an early risk factor of adult social behaviour. Ninth Biennial World Meeting. International Society for Research on Aggression. Banff, Alberta, Canada, June 12-17, 1990. Abstract. Aggressive Behavior, 17, 92-93.
Pulkkinen, L. (1992). Life-styles in personality development. European Journal of Personality, 6, 139-155. doi:
Pulkkinen, L. (1992). The path to adulthood for aggressively inclined girls. In K. Björkqvist, & P. Niemelä (Eds.), Of mice and women: Aspects of female aggression (pp. 113-121). New York: Academic Press.
Pulkkinen, L. (1993). Longitudinal approaches to adult lifestyles. Acta Psychologica Fennica XIII, 13-37.
Pulkkinen, L. (1995). Behavioral precursors to accidents and resulting physical impairment. Child Development, 66, 1660-1679. doi:
Pulkkinen, L. (1995). Selbstkontrolle in der Kindheit und Persönlichkeitsstile im Erwachsenalter. In K. Pawlik (Ed.), Bericht über dem 39. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie in Hamburg 1994 (pp. 127-142). Göttingen: Hogrefe-Verlag für Psychologie.
Pulkkinen, L. (1996). Coping with economic recession: A Finnish longitudinal study from the age of 8 through 36. International Journal of Psychology, 31, 327. (Abstract.)
Pulkkinen, L. (1996). Female and male personality styles: A typological and developmental analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 1288-1306. doi:
Pulkkinen, L. (1996). Impulse control in children. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 7, 228-233. doi:
Pulkkinen, L. (1996). Proactive and reactive aggression in early adolescence as precursors to anti- and prosocial behavior in young adults. Aggressive Behavior, 22, 241-257. doi:
Pulkkinen, L. (1998). Levels of longitudinal data differing in complexity and the study of continuity in personality characteristics. In R. B. Cairns, L. R. Bergman, & J. Kagan (Eds.), Methods and models for studying the individual (pp. 161-184). Beverly Hills: Sage.
Pulkkinen, L. (2001). Reveller or striver? How childhood self-control predicts adult social behavior? In A. C. Bohart & D. J. Stipek (Eds.), Constructive and Destructive Behavior: Implications for Family, School, and Society (pp. 167- 185). Washington DC: APA. doi:
Pulkkinen, L. (2005). Continuidades e descontinuidades no desenvolvimento positivo e no comportamento anti-social. In C. M. C. Vieira, A. M. Seixas, A. P. M. Matos, M. P. de Lima, M. M. Vilar, & M. Pinheiro (Eds.), Ensaios sobre o comportamento humano: Do dianóstico à intervenção. Contributos nacionais e internacionais (pp. 37-69). Coimbra, Portugal: Almedina.
Pulkkinen, L. (2006). The Jyväskylä longitudinal study of personality and social development (JYLS). In L. Pulkkinen, J. Kaprio, & R. J. Rose (eds.). Socioemotional development and health from adolescence to adulthood (pp. 29-55). New York: Cambridge University Press. doi:
Pulkkinen, L. (2009). Personality – a resource or risk for successful development. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 6, 602-610. doi:
Pulkkinen, L. (2011). Family factors in the development of antisocial behavior. In T. Bliesener, A. Beelman, & M. Stemmler (Eds.). Antisocial behavior and crime: Contributions of development and evaluation research to prevention and intervention (pp. 89-108). Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe.
Pulkkinen, L. (2012). Ten pillars of good childhood. A Finnish perspective. Childhood Education, 88, 326-330.
Pulkkinen, L. (2012). The integrated schoolday: Improving the educational offering of schools in Finland. In C. Clouder, B. Heys, M. Matthes, & P. Sullivan (Eds.), Improving the quality of childhood in Europe 2012 (pp. 40-67). Brighton: ECSWE.
Pulkkinen, L. (2013). Self-control at the heart of successful development. In J. Brooks-Gunn, R. M. Lerner, A. C. Petersen, & R. K. Silbereisen (Eds.). The development science of adolescence: History through autobiography (pp. 373-385). New York: Psychology Press.
Pulkkinen, L. (2017). Human development from middle childhood to middle adulthood: Growing up to be middle-aged. (In collaboration with Katja Kokko.) London: Routledge.
Pulkkinen, L., Feldt, T., & Kokko, K. (2005). Personality in young adulthood and functioning in middle age. In S. Willis, & M. Martin (Eds.). Middle adulthood: A lifespan perspective (pp. 99-141). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Pulkkinen, L., Feldt, T., & Kokko, K. (2006). Adaptive behavior in childhood as an antecedent of psychological functioning in early middle age: Linkage via career orientation. Social Indicators Research, 77, 171-195. doi:
Pulkkinen, L., & Hurme, H. (1984). Aggression as a predictor of weak self control. In L. Pulkkinen, & P. Lyytinen (Eds.), Human action and personality (pp. 172-189). Jyväskylä Studies in Education, Psychology and Social Research, No. 54.
Pulkkinen, L., & Hämäläinen, M. (1995). Low self-control as a precursor to crime and accidents in a Finnish longitudinal study. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 5, 424-438.
Pulkkinen, L., Kaprio, J., & Rose, R. J. (Eds.) (2006). Socioemotional development and health from adolescence to adulthood. New York: Cambridge University Press. doi:
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Pulkkinen, L., & Kokko, K. (2000). Identity development in adulthood: A longitudinal study. Journal of Research in Personality, 34, 445-470. doi:
Pulkkinen, L., & Kokko, K. (2012). Foundational issues in longitudinal data collection. In B. Laursen, T. D. Little, & N. A. Card (Eds.), Handbook of developmental research methods (pp. 129–147). New York: The Guilford Press.
Pulkkinen, L., Kokko, K., & Rantanen, J. (2012). Paths from socioemotional behavior in middle childhood to personality in middle adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 48, 1283-1291. doi:
Pulkkinen, L., Kokkonen, M., & Mäkiaho, A. (1998). Positive affectivity, self-mastery, and a sense of failure as predictors of self-assessed health. European Psychologist, 3, 133-142. doi:
Pulkkinen, L., Lyyra, A.-L., & Kokko, K. (2009). Life success of males on nonoffender, adolescence-limited, persistent, and adult-onset antisocial pathways: Follow-up from age 8 to 42. Aggressive Behavior, 35, 117–135. doi:
Pulkkinen, L., Lyyra, A.-L., & Kokko, K. (2011). Is social capital a mediator between self-control and psychological and social functioning across 34 years. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 35, 475-481. doi:
Pulkkinen, L., Männikkö, K., & Nurmi, J.-E. (2000). Self-description and personality styles. In L. R. Bergman, R. B. Cairns, L.-G. Nilsson, & L. Nystedt (Eds.), Developmental science and the holistic approach (pp. 265-280). Mahwah: Erlbaum.
Pulkkinen, L., Nurmi, J.-E., & Kokko, K. (2002). Individual differences in personal goals in mid thirties. In L. Pulkkinen & A. Caspi (Eds.), Paths to successful development: personality in the life course. (pp. 331-352). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pulkkinen, L., Nygren, H., & Kokko, K. (2002). Successful development: Childhood antecedents of adaptive psychosocial functioning in adulthood. Journal of Adult Development, 9, 251-265. doi:
Pulkkinen, L., Ohranen, M., & Tolvanen, A. (1999). Personality antecedents of career orientation and stability among women compared to men. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 37-58. doi:
Pulkkinen, L., & Pitkänen, T. (1993). Continuities in aggressive behavior from childhood to adulthood. Aggressive Behavior, 19, 249-263. doi:
Pulkkinen, L., & Pitkänen, T. (1994). A prospective study of the precursors to problem drinking in young adulthood. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 55, 578-587.
Pulkkinen, L., & Pitkänen, T. (2010). Temperance and the strengths of personality: Evidence from a 35-year longitudinal study. In R. Schwarzer & P. A. Frensch (Eds.), Personality, human development, and culture: International perspectives on psychological science. Vol. 2 (pp. 127-140). Hove: Psychology Press.
Pulkkinen, L., & Rönkä, A. (1994). Personal control over development, identity formation, and future orientation as components of life orientation: A developmental approach. Developmental Psychology, 30, 260-271. doi:
Pulkkinen, L., & Tremblay, R. E. (1992). Patterns of boys' social adjustment in two cultures and at different ages: A longitudinal perspective. International Journal of Behavioural Development, 15, 527-553.
Pulkkinen, L., Virtanen, T., af Klinteberg, B., & Magnusson, D. (2000) Child behaviour and adult personality: Comparisons between criminality groups in Finland and Sweden. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 10, 155-169. doi:
Pulver, A., Allik, J., Pulkkinen, L., & Hämäläinen, M. (1995). A Big Five Personality Inventory in two non-Indo-European languages. European Journal of Personality, 9, 109-124. doi:
Puustinen, M., Kokkonen, M., Tolvanen, A., & Pulkkinen, L. (2004). Children’s help seeking and impulsivity. Learning and Individual Differences, 14, 231-246. doi:
Puustinen, M., Lyyra, A.-L., Metsäpelto, R., & Pulkkinen, L. (2008). Children's help seeking: The role of parenting. Learning and Instruction, 18, 160-171. doi:
Rantanen, J., Feldt, T., Hakanen, J. J., Kokko, K., Huhtala, M., Pulkkinen, L., & Schaufeli, W. (2015). Cross-national and longitudinal investigation of a short measure of workaholism. Industrial Health, 53, 113–123.
Rantanen, J., Kinnunen, U., Feldt, T., & Pulkkinen, L. (2008). The work-family conflict and psychological well-being: Stability and cross-lagged relations within one- and six-year follow-ups. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73, 37-51. doi:
Rantanen, J., Kinnunen, U., Mauno, S., & Tillemann, K. (2011). Introducing theoretical approaches to work-life balance and testing a new typology among professionals. In S. Kaiser, M. J. Ringlstetter, M. Pina e Cunha, & D. R. Eikhof (Eds.), Creating balance? International perspectives on the work-life integration of professionals (pp. 27-42). Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer. doi:
Rantanen, J., Kinnunen, U., Pulkkinen, L., & Kokko, K. (2012). Developmental trajectories of work-family conflict for Finnish workers in midlife. Journal of Occupational and Health Psychology, 17, 290-303. doi:
Rantanen, J., Pulkkinen, L., & Kinnunen, U. (2005). The Big Five personality dimensions, work-family conflict, and psychological distress: A longitudinal view. Journal of Individual Differences, 26, 155-166. doi:
Rantanen, J., Metsäpelto, R-L., Feldt, T., Pulkkinen, L., & Kokko, K. (2007). Long-term stability in the Big Five personality traits in adulthood. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 48, 511-518. doi:
Rantanen, J., Tillemann, K., Metsäpelto, R.-L., Kokko, K., & Pulkkinen, L. (2015). Longitudinal study on reciprocity between personality traits and parenting stress. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 39, 65–76. doi:
Reinilä, E., Saajanaho, M., Fadjukoff, P., Törmäkangas, T., & Kokko, K. (2023). The development of generativity in middle adulthood and the beginning of late adulthood: A longitudinal study from age 42 to 61. Journal of Adult Development, 1-14. doi: Open Access
Reinilä, E., Kekäläinen, T., Saajanaho, M., & Kokko, K. (2023). The structure of mental well-being and its relationship with generativity in middle adulthood and the beginning of late adulthood. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 01650254231165837. doi: Open Access
Reinilä, E., Kekäläinen, T., Kinnunen, M.-L., Saajanaho, M., & Kokko, K. (2023). Longitudinal associations between emotional well-being and subjective health from middle adulthood to the beginning of late adulthood. Psychology and Health, Early online. doi: Open Access
Räikkönen, E., Kokko, K., Chen, M., & Pulkkinen, L. (2012). Patterns of adult roles, their antecedents and psychosocial wellbeing correlates among Finns born in 1959. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, 3, 211-227.
Räikkönen, E., Kokko, K., & Rantanen, J. (2011). Timing of adult transitions: Antecedents and implications for psychological functioning. European Psychologist, 16, 314-323. doi:
Rönkä, A., Kinnunen, U., & Pulkkinen, L. (2000). The accumulation of problems of social functioning as a long-term process: women and men compared. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 24, 442-450. doi:
Rönkä, A., Kinnunen, U., & Pulkkinen, L. (2001). Continuity in problems of social functioning in adulthood: a cumulative perspective. Journal of Adult Development, 8, 161-171. doi:
Rönkä, A., Oravala, S., & Pulkkinen, L. (2002). I met this wife of mine and things got onto a better track. Journal of Adolescence (Special Issue Personality and Personal Agency in Adolescence), 25, 47-63. doi:
Rönkä, A., Oravala, S., & Pulkkinen, L. (2003). Turning points in adults’ lives: The effects of gender and the amount of choice. Journal of Adult Development, 10, 203-215. doi:
Rönkä, A., & Pulkkinen, L. (1995). Accumulation of problems in social functioning in young adulthood: A developmental approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 381-391. doi:
Rönkä, A., & Pulkkinen, L. (1998). Work involvement and timing of motherhood in the accumulation of problems in social functioning in young women. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 8, 221-239. doi:
Savolainen, J., Mason, W. A., Lyyra, A.-L., Pulkkinen, L., & Kokko, K. (2017). Antisocial and human capital pathways to socioeconomic exclusion: A 42-year prospective study. Developmental Psychology, 53, 1597–1609. doi:
Syrén, S., Kokko, K., Pulkkinen, L., & Pehkonen, J. (2020). Income and mental well-being: Personality traits as moderators. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21, 547–571. doi: Open access
Viinikainen, J., & Kokko, K., (2012). Personality traits and unemployment: Evidence from longitudinal data. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33, 1204-1222. doi:
Viinikainen, J., Kokko, K., Pulkkinen, L., & Pehkonen, J. (2010). Personality and labour market income: Evidence from longitudinal data. Labour, 24, 201-220. doi:
Viinikainen, J., Kokko, K., Pulkkinen, L., & Pehkonen, J. (2014). Labour market performance of dropouts: The role of personality. Journal of Economic Studies, 41, 453–468. doi:
Virtanen, M., Kivimäki, M., Elovainio, M., Vahtera, J., Kokko, K., & Pulkkinen, L. (2005). Mental health and hostility as predictors of temporary employment: evidence from two prospective studies. Social Science & Medicine, 61, 2084-2095. doi:
