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It looks very modest, is quite picky and lives over 100 years old, the oldest specimens found have been over 200 years old. It reproduces only in clean, flowing waters and at the same time serves as a measure of good water quality and a healthy ecosystem. The freshwater pearl mussel has been on the endangered species list in Finland since 1955 (Nature Conservation Act) and is endangered in other parts of the world as well.

Freshwater pearl mussel (FPM) is important to the river ecosystem, as a vibrant FPM population maintains good water quality by filtering and purifying water. Because of this, the FPM clam is a key species in the aquatic ecosystem; its habitat provides good habitat for many other species as well. The rigorous requirements for clean habitat have made it a so-called umbrella species. Several species, including salmon and trout, as well as entire ecosystems, are benefiting from the protection of freshwater pearl mussel. Salmon and trout are closely related to the organ cycle of the FPM, as they are the host fish of the species. This means that to develop into mussel, the larvae of the FPM need to live as parasite in the gills of fish for part of their lives.

Human actions threaten the existence of the freshwater pearl mussel

The situation of FPM in Finland is weak. The species is disappearing, as their natural reproduction is not successful than in a few rivers in northern Finland. Despite of being protected species, freshwater pearl mussels' habitats have changed, e.g., with river harnessing and and because of ditching of marsh and wooded areas. The greatest threat to the habitat of FPM constitutes agriculture and forestry operations, resulting in nutrients entering the waterways, causing for example river siltation. Various activities related to hydropower construction and other barriers that prevent host fish from rising into rivers have also significantly impaired the condition of FPM populations.

The conservation of the freshwater pearl mussel has many benefits

The protection of FPM also contributes to the preservation of other species and biodiversity. A good water quality and vibrant salmon fish stocks bring positive effects to the area through hiking and fishing, which also supports the region's business activities.

Life Revives project promotes the conservation of FPM and its habitats

The Life Revives project started in autumn 2021. Partners from three different countries will jointly raise awareness of the freshwater pearl mussel and their habitats. The target groups include children and young people, landowners, policymakers and forestry professionals. The project will improve the condition of raw and its host fish habitats in Finland, Sweden and Estonia, for example, by restoring river and catchment areas, breeding FPM and rehabilitating the freshwater pearl mussels at the Konnevesi Research Station. New FPM populations are also being mapped.

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